ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: The efficiency of clinical procedures is based on practical and theoretical knowledge. Countless daily information is available to the orthodontist, but it is up to this professional to know how to select what really has an impact on clinical practice. Evidence-based orthodontics ends up requiring the clinician to know the basics of biostatistics to understand the results of scientific publications. Such concepts are also important for researchers, for correct data planning and analysis. Objective: This article aims to present, in a clear way, some essential concepts of biostatistics that assist the clinical orthodontist in understanding scientific research, for an evidence-based clinical practice. In addition, an updated version of the tutorial to assist in choosing the appropriate statistical test will be presented. This PowerPoint® tool can be used to assist the user in finding answers to common questions about biostatistics, such as the most appropriate statistical test for comparing groups, choosing graphs, performing correlations and regressions, analyzing casual, random or systematic errors. Conclusion: Researchers and clinicians must acquire or recall essential concepts to understand and apply an appropriate statistical analysis. It is important that journal readers and reviewers can identify when statistical analyzes are being inappropriately used.
RESUMO Introdução: A eficiência dos procedimentos clínicos é baseada em conhecimentos práticos e teóricos. Inúmeras informações diárias estão ao alcance do ortodontista; porém cabe a esse profissional saber selecionar o que realmente tem impacto na prática clínica. A Ortodontia baseada em evidências acaba exigindo que o clínico conheça os fundamentos da bioestatística para compreender os resultados das publicações científicas. Tais conceitos também são importantes aos pesquisadores para um correto planejamento e análise dos dados. Objetivo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar, de forma clara, alguns conceitos essenciais da bioestatística que auxiliem o ortodontista clínico na compreensão da pesquisa científica para uma prática clínica baseada em evidências. Além disso, será apresentada uma versão atualizada do tutorial para auxílio na escolha do teste estatístico adequado. Essa ferramenta em PowerPoint® pode ser empregada para auxiliar o usuário a encontrar respostas para dúvidas comuns sobre bioestatística, como o teste estatístico mais adequado para comparar grupos, escolha de gráficos, realizar correlações e regressões, análises de sobrevivência e dos erros aleatório e sistemático. Conclusão: Pesquisadores e clínicos devem adquirir ou relembrar conceitos essenciais para compreender e aplicar uma análise estatística apropriada. É importante que os leitores e revisores de periódicos possam identificar quando análises estatísticas estão sendo utilizadas de forma inadequada.
Subject(s)
Humans , Research Design , Research Personnel , Biostatistics , Data DisplayABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: to investigate through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) the effects of interactive media on the cognitive, language, and motor development of children and adolescents. Methods: Searches were performed with the Medline, AMED, Embase, PEDro, Cochrane, Psychinfo, and ERIC databases in May 2017 with updated in July 2020. For the search strategy, we used descriptors related to "randomized controlled trial", "interactive media" and "children and adolescents up to 18 years old". RCTs that investigated the effectiveness of interactive media in cognitive, motor, and language development of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age with typical development were included. When appropriate, meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Pooled data were presented using standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval. We assessed the quality of evidence using the GRADE methodology and the methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Results: of the trials found, 14 references were eligible for this study. The GRADE methodology was used in 13 RCTs. Estimates showed a low level of evidence of a small effect of media use on cognitive development compared to that in the control group and another intervention. No effect on motor and language development. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review do not support claims about the advantages or disadvantages of interactive media in child development. High-quality evidence was found that interactive media is not superior to other interventions for cognitive and language development outcomes and quality of moderate evidence for motor and language development.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Child Development , Cognition , Adolescent Development , Digital Technology/trends , Language Development , GRADE Approach/methodsABSTRACT
El ejercicio de arbitraje en las revistas científicas consiste en una revisión crítica de artículos científicos que pretende la validación científica de su calidad con vistas a decidir su divulgación a nivel nacional e internacional, y así contribuir al campo de la ciencia que se trate. Los árbitros y editores de las revistas científicas, por consiguiente, despliegan una labor que requiere de preparación integral sistemática, responsabilidad, honestidad y alto grado de altruismo, entre otros valores. Por cuanto, tienen la responsabilidad de dictaminar de manera objetiva y educativa los artículos científicos que evalúan, lo cual generalmente se realiza posterior al cumplimiento de las obligaciones de su perfil ocupacional. El perfeccionamiento de la labor de arbitraje es clave para mejorar las prácticas y la elevación de la calidad de la revista, por lo que se decide confeccionar esta guía para adiestrar a revisores de la Revista Cubana de Estomatología en el manejo del Open Journal System durante proceso de revisión de artículos científicos(AU)
Peer reviewing scientific journals consists in a critical examination of papers seeking scientific validation of their quality for national and international dissemination, thus contributing to the development of the field of science in question. Therefore, the work of peer reviewers and editors in scientific journals requires systematic comprehensive training, responsibility, honesty and a high level of altruism, among other values, for they are in charge of passing objective and educational judgment on the papers evaluated, a task they often perform after fulfilling their occupational obligations. Perfecting peer reviewing is crucial to improve the performance of the journal and raise its quality. This is the reason why it was decided to develop the present guide to train reviewers of the Cuban Journal of Dentistry in the management of the Open Journal System during the process of scientific paper review(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Review Literature as Topic , Editorial Policies , Periodical , Negotiating/methods , Total Quality ManagementABSTRACT
La tutoría entre pares es una estrategia pedagógica dondeestudiantes, generalmente de semestres más avanzados,acompañan a sus pares de semestres inferiores en el refuerzode los procesos de aprendizaje dentro de un área disciplinar.En la Universidad Industrial de Santander se implementa estamodalidad a través del Programa de Asesoría para elMejoramiento del Rendimiento Académico, en búsqueda dedisminuir la deserción en todos los programas académicos. Elobjetivo de este trabajo es evidenciar el proceso de lastutorías entre pares mostrando su importancia y describiendola metodología impartida en la sección de histología de laasignatura Morfofisiología y del programa de medicina.Debido a que la tutoría entre pares tiene beneficios tanto parael tutor como el beneficiario, es importante implementar estaestrategia en la transición de la educación básica a la superiory es por ello que el programa se encarga del reclutamiento,capacitación y evaluación de los tutores. Las tutorías serealizan en pequeños grupos dentro del laboratorio convisualización de placas histológicas y usando mediosaudiovisuales para la descripción de las diferentes estructurasmicroscópicas...
The peer tutoring is a teaching strategy where generally moreadvanced semesters students, accompanying their peers fromlower semesters in reinforcing learning processes within asubject area. In Universidad Industrial de Santander this modeis implemented through Programa de Asesoría para elMejoramiento del Rendimiento Académico, seeking toreduce the dropout rate in all academic programs. Theobjetive of this paper is to reflect on the importance of peertutoring and describe the methodology provided by theprogram in the section histology of general morphophysiologyland subject from the medicine program. Because peertutoring has benefits for both the tutor and the beneficiary, itis important to implement this strategy in the transition fromprimary school to college and that is why the programrecruitment, training and assessment tutors. Tutorials areconducted in small groups in the laboratory with visualizationof histological slides and using media to the description of thedifferent microscopic structures...
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Humans , Health Research Plans and Programs , HistologyABSTRACT
A seleção de métodos apropriados para a análise estatística pode parecer complexa, principalmente para estudantes de pós-graduação e pesquisadores no início da carreira científica. Por outro lado, a apresentação em PowerPoint é uma ferramenta comum para estudantes e pesquisadores. Assim, um tutorial de Bioestatística desenvolvido em uma apresentação em PowerPoint poderia estreitar a distância entre ortodontistas e a Bioestatística. Esse guia proporciona informações úteis e objetivas a respeito de vários métodos estatísticos empregando exemplos relacionados à Odontologia e, mais especificamente, à Ortodontia. Esse tutorial deve ser empregado, principalmente, para o usuário obter algumas respostas a questões comuns relacionadas ao teste mais apropriado para executar comparações entre grupos, examinar correlações e regressões ou analisar o erro do método. Também pode ser obtido auxílio para checar a distribuição dos dados (normal ou anormal) e a escolha do gráfico mais adequado para a apresentação dos resultados. Esse guia* pode ainda ser de bastante utilidade para revisores de periódicos examinarem, de forma rápida, a adequabilidade do método estatístico apresentado em um artigo submetido à publicação.
Selecting appropriate methods for statistical analysis may be difficult, especially for the students and others in the early phases of the research career. On the other hand, PowerPoint presentation is a very common tool to researchers and dental students, so a statistical guide based on PowerPoint could narrow the gap between orthodontist and the Biostatistics. This guide provides objective and useful information about several statistical methods using examples related to the dental field. A Power-Point presentation is employed to assist the user to find answers to common questions regarding Biostatistics, such as the most appropriate statistical test to compare groups, to make correlations and regressions or to look for systematic error for a specific method. Assistance to check normality distribution and to choose the most suitable graphics is also presented. This guide (downloadable in www.dentalpress.com.br) could be even used by reviewers in a quick assessment to check the appropriated statistical methodology into a specific study.
Subject(s)
Biostatistics , Data Display , Health Statistics , Interactive Tutorial , Data Interpretation, StatisticalABSTRACT
Developing a School of Medicine involves being aware of the changes that have taken place in the past years, particularly those concerning the characteristics of students and young faculty, their main motivations and the research, teaching and professional practice scenarios that are being offered by Chilean medical schools and clinical sites. Inspired by these challenges, and from the viewpoint of the generational differences, this article discusses the present development of an academic career founded on humanistic and university values, the tutorial teaching model, academic medicine, and the concept of professionalism.